Polymorphism
is a Greek word. Poly means many moprhism means form. In java one form is using
for multiple uses is called polymorphism. It is mainly two types. That are called
• Compile time
polymorpshism/static polymorpshism
• Runtime
polymorphism/dynamic polymorphism
Static polymorphism is called the
overloading and dynamic polymorphism is called overriding in java. At the time of method overloading java
compiler will understand which method is
calling, is called static polymorphism. At the time of compilation java
compiler will not identifies which method is calling exactly, that will
understand JVM at the time of runtime is called Overriding in java.
Overloading
again two types, that are method overloading and constructor overloading. But,
constructors we can't override in java, because of ambiguity.
Method Overloading: Which of two or more methods declared with the same method name with different signature is called as method overloading.
Here
is the example for showing simple method overloading:
package com.javatbrains.polymorpsism;
public class MethodOverloading {
public void add(){
System.out.println("No parameters");
}
public void add(int a){
System.out.println("Single parameter: "+a);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
MethodOverloading
mo = new
MethodOverloading();
mo.add();
mo.add(10);
}
}
OutPut:
No parameters
Single parameter: 10
|
Here
is the another example for method overloading:
package com.javatbrains.polymorphism;
public class MethodOverloading1 {
public void meth(int a){
System.out.println("First method value: "+a);
float f = meth(a, 20.0f);
System.out.println("Second method value: "+f);
}
public float meth(int a, float b){
float i = a+b;
return i;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
MethodOverloading1
mo1 = new MethodOverloading1();
mo1.meth(10);
}
}
OutPut:
First method value:
10
Second method value:
30.0
|
Here
we will see how to overload the main method:
package com.javatbrains.polymorphism;
public class OverloadingMain {
public static void main(){
System.out.println("Inside the no parameter");
main(1);
}
public static int main(int a){
System.out.println("Inside the single parameter");
return a;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Inside the array parameter");
main();
}
}
OutPut:
Inside the array
parameter
Inside the no
parameter
Inside the single
parameter
|
Constructor Overloading: Two or more constructors declared
with same name and different signature is called constructor overloading.
package com.javatbrains.polymorphism;
public class ConstructorOverloading {
public ConstructorOverloading(){
System.out.println("Inside the default constructor");
}
ConstructorOverloading(float a){
System.out.println("Inside the second constructor");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
//Default constructor will call at the time of creating first
object
ConstructorOverloading
first = new ConstructorOverloading();
//parameter constructor will call at the time of creating
second constructor
ConstructorOverloading
second = new ConstructorOverloading(15.0f);
}
}
OutPut:
Inside the default
constructor
Inside the second
constructor
|
In the above example will shows how to
do constructor overloading in java for class ConstructorOverloading.java. There are two constructors called
one is default constructor and another one is parametrised constructor which
contains one or more parameters.
Points to remember about Overloading:
• Methods
signature should be different
• method
names should be same in overloading, otherwise those methods will not be under
overloading.
• Return
type will be same or not.
The
above all conditions also applicable for constructor overloading. But,
constructors doesn't have any return type.
Here
is the overloading failure scenario:
package com.javatbrains.polymorphism;
public class FailureOverloading {
public static void add(int i, float j) {
System.out.println("First method: " + (i + j));
}
public static void add(float i, int j) {
System.out.println("Second method: " + (i + j));
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
add(10,
10); //Failure because of ambiguty
}
}
OutPut:
Compilation fails because of ambiguty.
While passing the values from main method you need to specify which one int
and float.
|
Overriding in java:
Which of two or more methods declared
with same name and same method signature is called method overriding.
Overriding will be happens in between the child and parent classes.
Points to remember about Overriding:
• Methods
name should be same
• Methods
signature should be same
• Methods
return type should be same
• Static
method should not be overridden
• Cannot
override final method
• Cannot
override constructors
Here
is the signature to understand about the overriding in java.
package com.javatbrains.polymorpshism;
class A{
void abc(){}
void xyz(int a){}
}
class B extends A{
void abc(){}
void xyz(int a){}
}
|
For
example, see the below example:
package com.javatbrains.polymorphism;
class Movie {
public void actor() {
System.out.println("Inside movie class actor");
}
public String actress(String
name) {
System.out.println("Inside movie class actress");
return name;
}
}
class Theater extends Movie {
@Override
public void actor() {
super.actor(); //For
calling super class method in subclass
System.out.println("Inside theater class actor");
}
@Override
public String actress(String
name) {
super.actress(name); //For calling super class method in subclass
System.out.println("Inside theater class actress: "+name);
return name;
}
}
public class Overriding {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Movie m = new Theater();
m.actor();
m.actress("Kajol");
}
}
OutPut:
Inside movie class
actor
Inside theater class
actor
Inside movie class
actress
Inside theater class
actress: Kajol
|
Above example shows you how to do
method overriding in java. There are two classes which represents the parent
called Movie and child class as Theater.
This example also shows you how to use inheritance in java. Here, Theater class is inheriting Movie
class and all the Movie class methods are
overriding in Theater class.
There I am using the super
keyword for calling the super class method or variable from subclass.
If you want to know how to override
the interface methods in java, follow with the interfaces post in the same
blog.
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